unit 10 prep. 3 الصف الثالث العدادى

الكلام المباشر والغير مباشر 1) Direct and indirect speech:-

 الكلام المباشر "Direct Speech" هو ما قاله شخص ما. ويكون الكلام موضوعاً بين أقواس مقلوبه مثل: "Don't come late, please."
 الكلام الغير مباشر "Indirect Speech" هو كلام منقول عن شخص ما قاله وأخر ينقله. مع ملاحظة حذف الأقواس فى الكلام الغير مباشر مثل:
Mona asked Tamer to do his work.

للتحويل من مباشر الى غير مباشر يلزم الأتى:-
- نحذف الاقواس المقلوبه.
- نحول فعل القول كالأتى:-
say \ says says say to tell
said said said to told
- اذا كانت الجمله خبريه نربط ب(that)، ب(to) اذا كانت الجمله أمر أو طلب،ب(not to) اذا كانت الجمله أمر منفى. أما اذا كان سؤال نربط بنفس علامة الإستفهام الموجوده فى السؤال المراد تحويله، ولكن اذا كان السؤال مبدوء بفعل مساعد / ناقص نربط ب (if).

- نغير الظروف والضمائر حسب المتحدث والمخاطب فى أول الجمله المراد تحويلها كالأتى:-
I he-she
We they
Our their

You I- he-she
My his-her
Your my-his-her

Me him-her
Mine his-hers
Your his-her-mine


يمكن تغيير الروابط الزمنية كالاتي:
الكلمة تحويلها الكلمة حويلها
Tomorrow The next day Yesterday The day before
Next (week) The (week) after Last (week) The (week) before
Here There Now Then
Today That day This (week) That (week)

- نغير الأزمنه الى الأبعد مثل:-

المضارع البسيط ماضى بسيط الماضى البسيط ماضى تام(p.p)
am \ is was are were 'll \ will would
has \ have had has \ have to had to




** جملة الامر هي التي تبدأ بفعل أما جملة الطلب هي التي تبدأ ب (would-could-may )
وعند التحويل من مباشر الى غير مباشر نتبع الاتي:
1- تحول said to الى told / asked / requested / ordered / begged
2- نربط ب to / not to
3- نحول الضمائر حسب المتكلم والمخاطب
1) The teacher said to the children "Open your books." (Direct)
- The teacher told children to open their books. (Indirect)

2) I said to him "Put the bok on your desk." (Direct)
- I told him to put the book no his desk. (Indirect)
 لاحظ أنه عند تحويل الجمله الأمريه الى غير مباشر يبقى الفعل كما هو فى المصدر لانه يأتى خلف (to) وهذا سواء فى الأمر المثبت أو المنفى.
3) Mum said to Ayman "Don't play with matches". (Direct)
- Mum told Ayman not to play with matches. (Indirect)

4) Teacher asked pupils "Don't speak in the class." (Direct)
- Teacher asked pupils not to speak in the class. (Indirect)



1) Dalia said to Ahmed "I hope we won't get lost." (Direct)
- Dalia told Ahmed that she hoped they wouldn't get lost. (Indirect)

2) Yasser said "I think Dr. Paul is injured." (Direct)
- Yasser said that he thought Dr. Paul was injured. (Indirect)



عند التحويل من مباشر الى غير مباشر نتبع الأتى:-
1- نحول said to الى asked / wanted to know / wondered
2- اذا كان السؤال مبدوء بفعل مساعد/ ناقص نربط ب if / whether والأفعال المساعده أو الناقصه هى :-
(can, could, are, is , was, were, do, does, did, will, would, shall, should, have, has, had)
3- اذا كان السؤال مبدوء بأداة استفهام نربط بنفس أداة الاستفهام.
4- نحول السؤال الى جملة خبرية.
5- نغير الازمنة .
1) Hesham asked Mona "Where are you staying?" (Direct)
- Hesham asked Mona where she was staying. (Indirect)


2) John's brother asked "How long did the journey talk?" (Direct)
- John's brother asked how long the journey took. (Indirect)

 لاحظ أنه إذا أتت "do \ does \ did" كأفعال مساعده مع الأسئله ، كما جاء فى المثال السابق، نحذفهم ونضع فعل الجمله فى الماضى البسيط.

3) Dalia asked "Can they hear us?" (Direct)
- Dalia asked if they could hear them. (Indirect)

4) Dr. Paul asked Yasser "Is it five o'clock?" (Direct)
- Dr. Paul asked Yasser if it was five o'clock. (Indirect)

5) Mona asked Hani "Do you speak English at home?" (Direct)
- Mona asked Hani if he spoke English at home. (Indirect)

لاحظ الأتى:-
 عند إبلاغ الغير بكلام قاله شخص ما (Indirect speech) فى صيغة السؤال نستخدم التركيب اللغوى التالى:-



1- Samia wanted to know \ asked where Bill came from.
2- The reporter wanted to know \ asked if people in Italy knew much about Egyptian tennis.
 نستخدم (say) عندما نذكر الشخص المستمع ونستخدم (tell)عندما نذكر الشخص المستمع:-
- Noha's father said she could go to the zoo.
- Noha's father told her that she could go to the zoo.
 أحياناً لا يتغير الزمن من المباشر للغير المباشر اذا كان الكلام عن شئ غير حقيقى أو طبيعى.
1) Hany said "I like Chocolate."
- Hany said that he likes \ liked Chocolate.
 لاحظ هذه التحويلات:-
1) "Please move the car" (Direct)
-The policeman told me to move the car. (Indirect)

2) "Would you mind opening the window?" (Direct)
- I asked my father to open the window. (Indirect)

3) "Can I see your passport, please?" (Direct)
- The policeman asked to see my passport. (Indirect)



2) Some Points:-



- Heba invited me to the party. - Heba invited Noha to attend the party.



- She always help her mother with the housework.

3- Q: What time and day is the party?
A: The party is on Friday at three.



- Thank you for your invitation. – Thank you for inviting me.



1- I would love to watch the match.

6- Q: Do you want to have a cup of tea?
A: I'd love to.



noun I wish you good luck.مفعول - wish
- wish to inf. I wish to leave now.
- I wish I could inf. I wish I could buy a camera.
- I hope I will inf. I hope I'll get a new car.

يصل الى 8- get to = arrive at
- I usually get home at four.





لقد كان شيئاً عظيماً أن اتحدث اليك. 1- It's (= It has) been great talking to you.
تبدو لطيفه.2- She sounds nice.
يتحرك / يحرك الى الوراء.3- Move back.
يرسل معلومات بالبريد الاليكترونى.4- e-mail information.
5- Khan El Khalili is the best place to shop in Cairo.
"خان الخليلى" هو أفضل مكان للتسوق فى القاهره.
6- King Snefru chose Dahshour as the place for his tomb.
إختار الملك "سنفرو" دهشور مكاناً لمقبرته.
7- Ps = Postscript
- Ps is used for adding a piece of information at the need of a letter after you have signed your name.
- حاشية الرساله: تستخدم لإضافة معلومه فى نهاية الرساله بعد التوقيع بإسمك عليها.

8- تستخدم بعض الأسماء كأفعال مثل:
رسالة البريد الأليكترونى / يرسل بالبريد e-mail - الحب / يحب love
مساعده / يساعد help - أمنيه / يتمنىwish
9- تستخدم بعض الأسماء كصفات مثل:
ذهب / مصنوع من الذهب gold - جميل / معرضfair
10- تستخدم بعض الصفات كظروف مثل:
سريع / بسرعه fast - مبكر / مبكراً early - متأخر / متأخراًlate






دعوة الناس لحضور مناسبات أو أحداث هامه 1- Inviting people to attend events:

- Do you want to come to a party next Friday?
- Can you come to a meeting about friendship on Sunday?
- I'd like to invite you to our wedding.
- Would you like to come to a football match?

خطاب الدعوه
_________
_________ عنوان المرسل اليه
_________ التاريخ

,إسم المرسل اليه Dear
_______________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

I'm looking forward to hearing from you.
Write back soon.
______ إسم الراسل




نموذج لخطاب الدعوه

Turning down invitation
رفض الدعوه بطريقه مهذبه Accepting invitation
قبول الدعوه
- I'm verry sorry, I can't come.
- I wish I could (but I have to help my mother.)
- I'm afraid, I can't.
- I'd love to but (I'm too busy on that day.)
يتضح مما سبق أنه يمكن ذكر سبب رفض الدعوه - I would love to come.

- I'd love to.

- I'd pleased to come.














EXCERCISES:-
Change into indirect:-
1) Mum said "Wash the dishes, Heba."
2) The policeman said "Don't play near the road, Children."
3) Heba asked Mona "Where's my c.d?"
4) The reporter wanted to know "Do people in England know about Egypt?"
5) The professor said to his assistant "I want to tell the reporters about my inventions."
6) Dr. Paul said "My machines send signals and make noise when there's oil near."
7) Nadia told Ahmed "Don't be noisy."
The teacher asked Hany "What did you do on Friday?"
9) My friend asked me "Can you use the computer?"
10) Dad said to Mum "I'll travel to Cairo by train."